Breast examination Breast examination is self-examination of a woman's breasts, to detect any unusual lumps or other changes that might indicate cancer. The earlier the detection of cancer, the more likely a cure. The self-examination should be carried out each month, a few days after your period, when the breasts are stimulated by the least amount of oestrogen. It is important to examine your breasts at the same time each month, because your cycle produces natural changes in the breast tissues that may be confusing. If you find a lump you should contact your GP. It must be remembered, however, that the majority of breast lumps are not caused by cancer. There are many other reasons for breast lumps; and they all need evaluation by a GP.

1. While standing in front of a mirror, look carefully to check your breasts for unusual symptoms, including the scaling or puckering of skin or a discharge from the nipples.

While still in front of a mirror, place your hands behind your head and press forward. Look in the mirror to note any changes in the normal shape of your breasts.

Put your hands on your hips and bend toward the mirror. Pull your shoulders and elbows forward. Again, look in the mirror to note any changes in the normal shape of your breasts.

With your left arm raised, firmly examine your left breast using the flat (not the tips) of three or four fingers of your right hand. Begin at the outer edge of your breast and press the flat part of your fingers in small circular movements around the breast moving gradually toward the nipple, bottom right. Check the entire breast in this manner, paying particular attention to the area between the breast and the armpit, including the armpit itself. Note any unusual lump under the skin, especially if it was not noticed in an earlier exam.

Now lie on your back and raise your left arm over your head. Place a pillow or folded towel under your left shoulder. This position, with breast slightly flattened, makes examination easier. Repeat step 4 using the circular motions described. Then repeat on your right breast